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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Diagnosing and managing adrenal incidentalomas.

Justine Herndon1, Irina Bancos

  • 1At the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., Justine Herndon practices in the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Irina Bancos practices in the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology. Dr. Bancos reports advisory board participation and/or consulting with Lantheus, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, Spruce Biosciences, Recordati Rare Disease, Corcept Therapeutics, Adrenas Therapeutics, and HRA Pharma. She also is partly supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under awards K23DK121888 and R03DK132121. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIH. The authors have disclosed no other potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
|April 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Adrenal incidentalomas are frequently found due to advanced imaging. Further assessment is crucial as these adrenal masses can be benign, malignant, or hormonally active.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Adrenal incidentalomas are common findings on cross-sectional imaging.
  • These adrenal masses can be benign or malignant.
  • Hormonal hypersecretion is a potential complication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the essential workup for adrenal incidentalomas.
  • To define criteria for follow-up and referral.
  • To enhance clinician understanding of adrenal mass management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic guidelines.
  • Analysis of imaging and hormonal assessment protocols.
  • Clinical case review for management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive workup is necessary for all adrenal incidentalomas.
  • Distinguishing benign from malignant and hypersecretory from non-hypersecretory states is key.
  • Clear referral guidelines improve patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Adrenal incidentalomas require systematic evaluation.
  • Understanding workup, follow-up, and referral is vital for clinicians.
  • Timely and appropriate management prevents complications.