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Vitamin D: A master example of nutrigenomics.

Carsten Carlberg1, Marianna Raczyk2, Natalia Zawrotna2

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Nutrigenomics explores how nutrients like vitamin D3 affect gene expression. Vitamin D3 and its receptor VDR significantly impact epigenomes and transcriptomes, offering insights into personalized nutrition.

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EpigenomeImmune systemPersonalized nutritionTranscriptomeVDRVitamin DVitamin D target genes

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrigenomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Nutrigenomics investigates the relationship between diet and gene expression.
  • Vitamin D3, activated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), interacts with the vitamin D receptor (VDR).
  • Vitamin D3 is essential due to limited endogenous synthesis and sun exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epigenome- and transcriptome-wide effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR.
  • To highlight vitamin D3 as a key example in nutrigenomics.
  • To outline a mechanistic understanding for personalized nutrition with vitamin D3.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on vitamin D3, VDR, epigenomics, and transcriptomics.
  • Analysis of VDR's role as a ligand-inducible transcription factor.
  • Examination of tissue-specific gene regulation by vitamin D3.

Main Results:

  • VDR is expressed in most human cells, modulating the epigenome at numerous sites.
  • 1,25(OH)2D3 upregulates and downregulates primary target genes, including those involved in oxidative stress.
  • Vitamin D influences metabolism, bone formation, and immunity.

Conclusions:

  • The effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR on the epigenome and transcriptome exemplify nutrigenomics.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing personalized nutrition strategies.
  • Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in various physiological functions through gene regulation.