Estimating the prevalence of depression using wastewater-based epidemiology: A case study in Qinghai Province, West
Haijian Lu1, Jingpu Fan1, Changsheng Guo1
1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Abstract:
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is considered a cost-effective alternative approach capable of determining the consumption and prevalence of drug use in communities, however, the application of WBE for estimating the prevalence of depression has seldom been reported. In this study, the prevalence of antidepressants was estimated in five cities in Qinghai Province, west China to examine the feasibility of using WBE to estimate the depression prevalence. Residual concentrations of the drugs varied from different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in five cities. Venlafaxine (0.06-720 ng/L), O-desmethylvenlafaxine (1.31-1659 ng/L), paroxetine (
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