Nudifloids A-N, structurally diverse 3,4-seco-labdane diterpenoids from Callicarpa nudiflora with inflammatory...

Fourteen undescribed seco-type diterpenoids, named nudifloids A-N, together with ten known analogs, were isolated from the leaves of Callicarpa nudiflora. Nudifloids A-N had a characteristic 3,4-seco-labdane-type diterpenoid skeleton, whereas nudifloids A-C and K-N were 3,4-seco-norditerpenoids. Nudifloid A was the first example of a 3,4-seco-12,13,14,15,16-quartnor-labdane diterpenoid, with a seven-membered lactone ring formed through esterification between C-3 and C-11. Nudifloids B and C were a pair of highly modified 3,4-seco-labdane nor-diterpenoid epimers, of which C-2 and C-18 were cyclized together to form a cyclohexene fragment. The structures of these undescribed diterpenoids were established by spectroscopic analysis and reference data. The anti-inflammatory activity of diterpenoids in rich yield was evaluated by analyzing the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide plus nigericin-induced pyroptosis in J774A.1 cells. Nudifloids D and E exhibited prominent anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activity, with IC₅₀ values of 1.80 and 1.59 μM, respectively. Cell permeability assays revealed that nudifloid D inhibited pyroptosis, which could ameliorate inflammation by blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.