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Adenoid hypertrophy in children: a narrative review of pathogenesis and clinical relevance

Artur Niedzielski1,2, Lechosław Paweł Chmielik3,2, Grażyna Mielnik-Niedzielska4

  • 1Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warszawa, Poland.

BMJ Paediatrics Open
|April 12, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Adenoid hypertrophy, or enlarged adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils), impacts children

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils) are lymphoid tissues in the nasopharynx, crucial for immune development and defense against inhaled/ingested antigens.
  • Enlarged adenoids are common in children, but their exact causes remain unclear.
  • Potential contributing factors include aberrant immune responses, infections, environmental factors, and genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on adenoid hypertrophy in children.
  • To discuss the clinical manifestations and associated diseases of adenoid hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on adenoid hypertrophy in pediatric populations.
  • Synthesis of information on causes, symptoms, and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Adenoid hypertrophy presents with diverse clinical symptoms common in children.
  • It is frequently associated with various comorbidities, impacting overall health.
  • The etiology likely involves a multifactorial combination of immune, infectious, environmental, and genetic elements.

Conclusions:

  • Adenoid hypertrophy is a significant pediatric condition with broad clinical implications.
  • Understanding its causes and associated diseases is crucial for effective management.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms driving adenoid enlargement.

Keywords:
Adolescent HealthAudiologyMolecular Biology

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