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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood
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Differences in the post-stroke innate immune response between young and old.

Mattia Gallizioli1,2, Maria Arbaizar-Rovirosa1,2, David Brea1,2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), S Rosselló 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.

Seminars in Immunopathology
|April 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Aging exacerbates stroke by impairing cellular functions and immune responses. Understanding these age-related changes, including inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, is crucial for improving stroke outcomes in older adults.

Keywords:
AgingBrain ischemiaInflammationInnate immunityStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Aging progressively impairs cellular and tissue functions, impacting vascular and immune systems.
  • Aging significantly increases stroke risk and severity, with hallmarks of aging implicated in brain responses to stroke.
  • Chronic low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of aging, involves innate immune responses and type-I interferon induction, particularly in microglia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate relationship between aging processes and the pathophysiology of stroke.
  • To investigate how age-associated changes in cellular functions, inflammation, and immune responses influence stroke outcomes.
  • To explore the potential of anti-aging strategies in mitigating stroke effects in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current research on aging hallmarks and their role in stroke.
  • Analysis of microglial responses, including interferon pathways, phagocytosis, and immunometabolic disturbances in aging and stroke.
  • Examination of the impact of age-related conditions like atherosclerosis, type-II diabetes, and gut dysbiosis on stroke pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Aging impairs cellular waste disposal and exacerbates inflammation and metabolic dysregulation post-stroke.
  • Chronic inflammation in aging leads to immunosenescence, increasing infection risk after stroke.
  • Age-related gut dysbiosis and conditions like atherosclerosis and type-II diabetes worsen vascular aging and brain inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Aging significantly complicates stroke by dysregulating immune responses, cellular functions, and metabolic processes.
  • Interferon pathways in microglia play a critical role in the age-related exacerbation of stroke.
  • Reversing age-associated alterations holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies to improve stroke outcomes in older individuals.