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Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives
Quang Duy Trinh1, Ngan Thi Kim Pham1, Kazuhide Takada1
1Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 13, 2023
Summary
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) enhances Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in early pregnancy. This review explores TGF-β1
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Reproductive Biology
Background:
- Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is crucial for maternal-fetal immune tolerance.
- TGF-β1 influences various viral infections during pregnancy.
- Recent findings highlight TGF-β1's role in Zika virus (ZIKV) infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding of TGF-β1's roles in viral infections during pregnancy.
- To focus on first-trimester trophoblast infections, particularly ZIKV.
- To explore the Smad pathway's involvement in viral pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent advances in TGF-β1 and viral infection research.
- Analysis of studies focusing on maternal-fetal interface and trophoblast cells.
- Discussion of potential mechanisms, including the Smad pathway.
Main Results:
- TGF-β1 plays a significant role in modulating viral infections at the maternal-fetal interface.
- TGF-β1 enhances ZIKV infection and replication in first-trimester trophoblasts.
- The Smad pathway is implicated in the interplay between TGF-β1 and viral infections.
Conclusions:
- TGF-β1 is a key factor in understanding viral infections during pregnancy.
- Further research into TGF-β1's mechanisms can inform strategies against congenital viral syndromes.
- Investigating the Smad pathway offers promising avenues for therapeutic development.
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