The 12 Rs Framework as a Comprehensive, Unifying Construct for Principles Guiding Animal Research Ethics

Area of Science:

• * Animal research ethics
• * Bioethics
• * Scientific integrity

Background:

• * Increasingly stringent regulations for animal research ethics and animal welfare.
• * Ethical integrity, scientific quality, and social responsibility are crucial for research approval, funding, publication, and acceptance.
• * Complexity and perceived confusion in ethical considerations necessitate a structured approach.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To develop a simplified yet comprehensive conceptualization tool for ethical considerations in animal research.
• * To introduce the 12 Rs Framework as a mind map for scientists, oversight bodies, and stakeholders.
• * To foster and promote robust animal research ethics globally.

Main Methods:

• * Development of the 12 Rs Framework, a structured conceptual tool.
• * The framework is organized into three domains encompassing twelve principles, values, and considerations.
• * Recognition of diverse local contexts, legal requirements, values, and cultures worldwide.

Main Results:

• * The 12 Rs Framework provides a clear guide through complex ethical considerations in animal research.
• * It integrates animal welfare, social values, and scientific integrity.
• * The framework is adaptable to global diversity in legal and cultural contexts.

Conclusions:

• * The 12 Rs Framework serves as a unifying ethical framework for animal research.
• * It simplifies the process of ethical conceptualization for all stakeholders.
• * Promotes enhanced ethical integrity and responsible conduct in scientific research involving animals.