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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Characteristics of Steel01:18

Mechanical Characteristics of Steel

621
The mechanical characteristics of steel are assessed through various tests that evaluate its strength, toughness, and flexibility. These tests include tension, torsion, impact, bending, and hardness assessments, each providing crucial information about steel's suitability for specific applications.
The tension test is fundamental for determining tensile strength. In this test, a steel specimen is stretched using a gripping device until it breaks. The data collected during this test are used...
621
Steel Manufacturing01:26

Steel Manufacturing

645
Steel manufacturing is a multi-stage process that begins by smelting iron ore into cast iron in a blast furnace. This initial stage involves layering iron ore with coke, a type of fuel, and crushed limestone within the furnace. The coke is ignited with a high volume of air, leading to the creation of carbon monoxide, which acts to reduce the iron ore to pure iron.
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
645
Structural Steel Products01:24

Structural Steel Products

267
Structural steel products are created within a structural mill. The process begins with a beam blank that is reheated and then fed through a series of rollers. These rollers progressively shape the metal into its final form. Adjusting the spacings between the rollers allows for the production of different sections with the same nominal dimensions.
Once shaped, the steel's final form emerges as a continuous length, which is then segmented by a hot saw into manageable pieces. These segments...
267
Steel Fastening Techniques01:17

Steel Fastening Techniques

195
Steel sections can be joined together through various fastening techniques including riveting, bolting, and welding, each suitable for different structural requirements and conditions.
Rivets are cylindrical steel fasteners with a specially designed head. During application, rivets are heated until white-hot and then inserted through pre-drilled holes in the steel sections. A pneumatic hammer is used to shape the exposed end into a second head, securing the sections together.
Bolting is another...
195

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens
05:38

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens

Published on: April 7, 2021

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The Characteristic Microstructures and Properties of Steel-Based Alloy via Additive Manufacturing.

Chunlei Shang1, Honghui Wu1, Guangfei Pan1

  • 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Innovation Research Institute for Carbon Neutrality, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Additive manufacturing (AM) of steel alloys creates unique microstructures and superior performance due to distinct thermal histories. Optimizing AM components and processes is key to controlling these microstructures for desired properties.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingcharacteristic microstructureheat treatmentphase transformationsteel−based materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Manufacturing Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional metal alloys differ significantly from those produced by additive manufacturing (AM).
  • AM metallic products exhibit unique solidification thermal histories and solid-state phase transformations.
  • These distinct processes result in unique microstructures and superior material performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review commonly used additive manufacturing techniques for steel-based alloys.
  • To summarize typical microstructures generated by metal AM technologies.
  • To discuss the influence of microstructures on AM product properties and future prospects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of additive manufacturing techniques in steel-based alloys.
  • Summarization of microstructures (porosity, dislocation cells, dendrites, residual stress, segregation) from metal AM.
  • Analysis of component and process parameter effects on microstructure.

Main Results:

  • Additive manufacturing yields distinct microstructures compared to conventional methods.
  • Key microstructural features include porosity, dislocation cells, dendrites, residual stress, and element segregation.
  • Microstructure significantly influences the properties of additively manufactured steel products.

Conclusions:

  • Tuning components and AM process parameters is crucial for achieving desired microstructures.
  • Understanding and controlling microstructural evolution is vital for optimizing AM steel performance.
  • Future development in steel additive manufacturing holds significant promise.