New Strategy for Preparation of Yttria Powders with Atypical Morphologies and Their Sintering Behavior

A modified precipitation method was used to prepare yttria powers for the fabrication of yttria ceramics in this study. The precipitation behavior, phase evolution, and shape of the yttria precursor were all examined in the presence or absence of an electric field. The findings demonstrate that the phases of the yttria precursor were Y₂(CO₃)₃·2H₂O with and without an electric field, while the morphology changed from flake to needle-like under the action of the electric field. After calcining both yttria precursors at 750 °C, yttria powders with similar morphologies were obtained and then densified via conventional sintering (CS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The densification and thermal shock resistance of the yttria ceramics were investigated. The yttria ceramics sintered using SPS had higher bulk density and thermal shock resistance than the samples sintered using CS. When the sintering process for the ceramics sintered from needle-like yttria powder was switched from CS to SPS, the bulk density increased from 4.44 g·cm^-3 to 5.01 g·cm^-3, while the number of thermal shock tests increased from two to six. The denser samples showed better thermal shock resistance, which may be related to the fracture mechanism shifting from intergranular fracture to transgranular fracture.