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Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization
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Doped Electrospinned Material-Guides High Efficiency Regional Bone Regeneration.

Manuel Toledano1,2, Cristina Vallecillo1, María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo3

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.

Polymers
|April 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Nanostructured membranes enhanced bone regeneration and vascularization in rabbit skulls. Doping with zinc or doxycycline modulated immune responses and promoted osteoblast and osteocyte populations for improved bone healing.

Keywords:
bone cellsdoxycyclinemacrophagemembranepolymerregenerationsilicavascularizationzinc

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Bone tissue engineering aims to develop biomaterials for bone regeneration and vascularization.
  • Nanostructured membranes offer a promising scaffold for bone defect repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of nanostructured membranes doped with zinc (Zn-Si-M) or doxycycline (Dox-Si-M) in promoting bone regeneration and vascularization.
  • To assess the impact of these membranes on cellular responses, including bone cell populations and macrophage polarization.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of nanostructured membranes (MMA-co-HEMA)/(MA-co-HEA) loaded with SiO2-nanoparticles.
  • Doping membranes with zinc or doxycycline.
  • Creation of critical bone defects in rabbit skulls and application of membranes.
  • Histological analysis using toluidine blue staining to quantify bone cells and vasculature.

Main Results:

  • Membranes significantly increased bone cell counts and blood vessel formation compared to the sham group.
  • Dox-Si-M membranes promoted anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, while M1 macrophages were higher in top regions with Si-M and Dox-Si-M.
  • Zn-Si-M and Si-M membranes led to more osteoblasts, and Zn-Si-M and the sham group showed higher osteocyte numbers.
  • The M1/M2 macrophage ratio was lowest without membranes, indicating a less inflammatory environment with membrane application.

Conclusions:

  • Nanostructured membranes create a favorable environment for bone regeneration, vascularization, and immune modulation.
  • Doping with zinc or doxycycline influences cellular responses, potentially enhancing osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and angiogenesis.
  • These findings support the potential of doped nanostructured membranes for clinical applications in bone defect repair.