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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Light Acquisition

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Levels of Use of a GIS01:29

Levels of Use of a GIS

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Early Detection of Cyanobacterial Blooms and Associated Cyanotoxins using Fast Detection Strategy
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ICESat-2 for Canopy Cover Estimation at Large-Scale on a Cloud-Based Platform.

Emre Akturk1,2, Sorin C Popescu1, Lonesome Malambo1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study maps forest canopy cover using ICESat-2 lidar data and Landsat imagery. The novel approach achieved over 70% accuracy in Türkiye, demonstrating potential for large-scale forest monitoring.

Keywords:
ATL08Google Earth EngineICESat-2Landsatcanopy cover estimationphoton counting lidar

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Area of Science:

  • Forestry
  • Remote Sensing
  • Geospatial Analysis

Background:

  • Forest canopy cover is a critical biophysical parameter for ecological assessment.
  • Accurate mapping of forest canopy is essential for sustainable forest management and conservation efforts.
  • Existing methods for large-scale canopy cover mapping face challenges in data integration and processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel approach for mapping forest canopy cover using photon-counting lidar data.
  • To assess the feasibility of using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for large-scale forest canopy mapping.
  • To produce a national-scale forest canopy cover map for the Republic of Türkiye.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized photon-counting data from the ICESat-2/ATLAS spaceborne lidar sensor.
  • Integrated ancillary Landsat imagery to develop a canopy cover model.
  • Employed the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-computing platform for data processing and analysis.
  • Evaluated the accuracy of the generated canopy cover map.

Main Results:

  • A forest canopy cover map for the Republic of Türkiye was produced with an average accuracy exceeding 70%.
  • Auxiliary data quality was identified as a limiting factor affecting overall mapping accuracy.
  • GEE provided user-friendly processing but presented scalability challenges for extensive datasets.
  • No significant difference in canopy cover estimation was observed when using weak or strong lidar beams separately.

Conclusions:

  • Photon-counting lidar data, combined with ancillary imagery and GEE, shows significant potential for large-scale forest canopy cover mapping.
  • Further improvements in auxiliary data quality and GEE processing strategies are needed to enhance mapping accuracy and scalability.
  • The methodology provides a valuable framework for national and global forest monitoring initiatives.