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Related Experiment Video

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Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

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An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band.

Yang Dong¹, Shaomeng Wang¹, Jingyu Guo¹

¹National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, High-Tech District (West District), Chengdu 611731, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 13, 2023

Summary

This study introduces an angular radial extended interaction amplifier (AREIA) for W-band extended interaction klystrons (EIKs). The proposed angular cavities significantly enhance beam-wave interaction, outperforming conventional designs, especially under lossy conditions.

Keywords:

AREIA convergence angle effective impedance space-charge effect

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Area of Science:

Physics
Electrical Engineering
Microwave Engineering

Background:

Conventional radial cavities in W-band extended interaction klystrons (EIKs) face limitations in ohmic loss and characteristic impedance.
Improving beam-wave interaction is crucial for enhancing the performance of high-frequency microwave devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and investigate an angular radial extended interaction amplifier (AREIA) for improved beam-wave interaction in W-band EIKs.
To evaluate the performance of convergence and divergence angle cavities compared to conventional sheet beam cavities.

Main Methods:

Design and simulation of angular radial extended interaction amplifier (AREIA) with convergence and divergence angle cavities.
Utilizing particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to analyze beam-wave interaction, ohmic loss, characteristic impedance, and space-charge effects.
Comparison of performance metrics (output power, efficiency) under various conditions (lossless, ohmic loss, different beam parameters).

Main Results:

Angular cavities demonstrate decreased ohmic loss area and increased characteristic impedance compared to radial cavities.
The convergence angle cavity shows higher effective impedance, and the diverging beam exhibits weaker space-charge effects.
The diverging beam EIA performs better in lossless conditions at 94 GHz, while the converging beam EIA achieves higher output power (6.24 kW) under ohmic loss.
The -2° EIA shows a nearly 30% improvement in output power compared to the 0° EIA under increased loss and decreased beam current.

Conclusions:

The proposed AREIA with angular cavities significantly enhances beam-wave interaction capacity in W-band EIKs.
The convergence and divergence angle cavities offer distinct advantages depending on operating conditions, particularly under lossy environments.
The angular radial electron gun design further supports the improved performance of the AREIA.