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This study introduces a batteryless sensor for industrial monitoring using acoustic wireless power transfer (WPT) and piezoelectric backscatter. Digital phase-locked loops (DPLLs) ensure reliable communication despite hardware limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Industrial and structural health monitoring sensors require power in challenging, remote locations.
  • Acoustic wireless power transfer (WPT) and piezoelectric backscatter offer batteryless solutions.
  • Combining low-power WPT with near-zero power backscatter communication remains an open challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review acoustic WPT and through-metal communication methods.
  • To design and prototype a batteryless, backscattering sensor tag.
  • To address communication challenges in low-power hardware.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of acoustic WPT and through-metal communication.
  • Design and fabrication of a batteryless tag using commercial components.
  • Implementation of a software-defined receiver with digital phase-locked loops (DPLLs).

Main Results:

  • A batteryless tag prototype achieved 2 kBs-1 communication over 3 m.
  • The prototype consumed less than 300 μW during transmission.
  • DPLLs successfully mitigated oscillator instability for reliable communication.
  • Acoustic WPT achieved 4 mW reception with 2.8% efficiency over 3 m.

Conclusions:

  • Batteryless acoustic sensors are feasible for industrial monitoring.
  • DPLLs are crucial for reliable backscatter communication with imprecise hardware.
  • This technology enables low-power, long-range sensing in inaccessible environments.