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Complement lectin pathway activation is associated with COVID-19 disease severity, independent of MBL2 genotype

Lisa Hurler1, Ágnes Szilágyi1, Federica Mescia2,3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 13, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The lectin pathway is activated in COVID-19 but mannan binding lectin (MBL) gene variations do not impact disease severity or outcomes like Long COVID. MBL-lectin pathway activation plays a minor role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) activates complement pathways, contributing to disease severity.
  • The lectin pathway, involving mannan binding lectin (MBL), may be activated by SARS-CoV-2, but its precise role in COVID-19 remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate lectin pathway activation in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
  • To analyze MBL protein levels and the impact of MBL2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on COVID-19 severity and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lectin pathway activation markers (MASP-1/C1-INH complex, C4d) in two independent patient cohorts.
  • Assessment of MBL protein levels and MBL2 gene SNPs in relation to COVID-19 severity, mortality, and Long COVID development.

Main Results:

  • Lectin pathway activation correlates with COVID-19 severity, evidenced by elevated MASP-1/C1-INH complex and C4d levels.
  • No significant association was found between MBL2 gene variations and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease outcomes, or Long COVID.

Conclusions:

  • While the lectin pathway is activated during acute COVID-19, its role in pathogenesis appears minor.
  • Genetic variations in MBL2 do not clinically influence COVID-19 susceptibility or patient outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19MBL2 genotypeslectin pathway activationlectin pathway of complementmannose binding lectin (MBL)severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

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