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Related Concept Videos

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Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Metastasis02:30

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Concentric Gel System to Study the Biophysical Role of Matrix Microenvironment on 3D Cell Migration
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Endothelium and Subendothelial Matrix Mechanics Modulate Cancer Cell Transendothelial Migration.

Yousef Javanmardi1, Ayushi Agrawal1, Andrea Malandrino2,3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cancer cell extravasation relies on forces generated by both cancer cells and endothelial cells. Tissue mechanics, including endothelial cell contractility and extracellular matrix properties, influence cancer cell invasion and organotropism.

Keywords:
biomaterial propertiescancer cell extravasationcomputational modelingmetastasistraction force microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Metastasis Research

Background:

  • Cancer cell extravasation is a critical step in metastasis, involving endothelial cell arrest, transendothelial migration (TEM), and subendothelial matrix invasion.
  • Previous research primarily focused on tumor cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) biomechanics at the primary site, neglecting the role of endothelial cell and subendothelial ECM mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical crosstalk between cancer cells, endothelium, and subendothelial ECM during in vitro extravasation.
  • To understand how the mechanical properties of endothelial cells and the subendothelial ECM influence cancer cell transmigration.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an integrated experimental and theoretical framework.
  • Analysis of in vitro cancer cell extravasation models.

Main Results:

  • Cancer cell actin-rich protrusions generate push-pull forces to initiate and drive TEM.
  • Endothelial cell-generated forces are crucial for successful cancer cell transmigration.
  • Subendothelial ECM mechanical properties and endothelial actomyosin contractility modulate endothelial resistance to cancer cell invasion.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical features of distant tissues, including endothelium-ECM force interactions, are key determinants of metastatic organotropism.
  • Understanding these biomechanical interactions can provide insights into controlling cancer metastasis.