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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
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[A man with swollen eyelids].

Anton R Boersma1,2, Wim G Boersma3

  • 1Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, afd. Longgeneeskunde, Nijmegen.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|April 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A patient developed severe periorbital emphysema after lung surgery. The condition was successfully treated by draining the air through small skin punctures, relieving pain and visual impairment.

Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Ophthalmology

Context:

  • Video-assisted thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique for lung procedures.
  • Periorbital emphysema, the presence of air in the tissues around the eye, can be a rare complication of thoracic surgery.
  • Severe symptoms like pain and visual impairment necessitate prompt management.

Purpose:

  • To report a case of severe periorbital emphysema following video-assisted thoracoscopy for lung malignancy.
  • To describe the successful management of this rare complication through conservative measures.

Summary:

  • A 74-year-old male patient presented with severe periorbital emphysema post-video-assisted thoracoscopy for lung cancer.
  • Symptoms included significant pain and visual impairment, indicating the severity of the air accumulation.

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  • The condition was managed by evacuating the subcutaneous emphysema via bilateral punctures and manual air mobilization.

    • Impact:

    • This case highlights a rare but potentially serious complication of video-assisted thoracoscopy.
    • It underscores the importance of recognizing and managing periorbital emphysema promptly to prevent vision loss.
    • The described conservative management approach offers a minimally invasive option for similar cases.