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In vivo microbubble detection in decompression sickness using a second harmonic resonant bubble detector.

C L Christman, P W Catron, E T Flynn

    Undersea Biomedical Research
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A novel resonant bubble detection method successfully identified 4.2 micrometer bubbles in canine femoral veins during decompression sickness. This technique shows promise for in vivo monitoring of vascular bubbles.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Acoustic Detection

    Background:

    • Decompression sickness (DCS) involves bubble formation in the vasculature.
    • Accurate detection of microbubbles is crucial for understanding DCS pathophysiology.
    • Existing methods for in vivo bubble detection have limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate a resonant bubble detection method using a second harmonic technique for monitoring canine femoral vasculature.
    • To assess the feasibility of this method for in vivo application during simulated dives.
    • To investigate the prevalence of specific-sized bubbles in venous versus arterial systems during DCS.

    Main Methods:

    • A custom-designed acoustic transducer array in a perivascular cuff configuration was employed.

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  • The detector was tuned to selectively respond to bubbles of approximately 4.2 micrometers in diameter.
  • Fifteen dogs were studied: 11 underwent simulated dives causing DCS, and 4 served as controls, with femoral artery/vein monitoring.

    • Main Results:

    • Resonant bubbles were detected in the femoral veins of all 6 dogs monitored in the dived group.
    • Minimal to no resonant bubble signals were observed in the femoral arteries of dived dogs.
    • No resonant bubbles were detected in control dogs, indicating the method's specificity.

    Conclusions:

    • The resonant bubble detection method is feasible for in vivo monitoring of vascular bubbles.
    • Four micrometer bubbles are significantly more prevalent in veins than arteries of dogs with DCS, likely due to pulmonary filtration.
    • The method shows potential for enhanced quantification of bubble size, location, and number with modifications.