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In vivo microbubble detection in decompression sickness using a second harmonic resonant bubble detector.

C L Christman, P W Catron, E T Flynn

    Undersea Biomedical Research
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel resonant bubble detection method successfully identified 4.2 micrometer bubbles in canine femoral veins during decompression sickness. This technique shows promise for in vivo monitoring of vascular bubbles.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Acoustic Detection

    Background:

    • Decompression sickness (DCS) involves bubble formation in the vasculature.
    • Accurate detection of microbubbles is crucial for understanding DCS pathophysiology.
    • Existing methods for in vivo bubble detection have limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate a resonant bubble detection method using a second harmonic technique for monitoring canine femoral vasculature.
    • To assess the feasibility of this method for in vivo application during simulated dives.
    • To investigate the prevalence of specific-sized bubbles in venous versus arterial systems during DCS.

    Main Methods:

    • A custom-designed acoustic transducer array in a perivascular cuff configuration was employed.

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  • The detector was tuned to selectively respond to bubbles of approximately 4.2 micrometers in diameter.
  • Fifteen dogs were studied: 11 underwent simulated dives causing DCS, and 4 served as controls, with femoral artery/vein monitoring.

    • Main Results:

    • Resonant bubbles were detected in the femoral veins of all 6 dogs monitored in the dived group.
    • Minimal to no resonant bubble signals were observed in the femoral arteries of dived dogs.
    • No resonant bubbles were detected in control dogs, indicating the method's specificity.

    Conclusions:

    • The resonant bubble detection method is feasible for in vivo monitoring of vascular bubbles.
    • Four micrometer bubbles are significantly more prevalent in veins than arteries of dogs with DCS, likely due to pulmonary filtration.
    • The method shows potential for enhanced quantification of bubble size, location, and number with modifications.