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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

665
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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A Tripeptide-Stabilized Nanoemulsion of Oleic Acid
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Peptide cargo administration: current state and applications.

Harsha Rohira1,2, Aditi Arora1, Prasanjeet Kaur1

  • 1Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|April 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) offer a novel drug delivery system (DDS) for enhanced cancer and ocular therapeutics. CPP-based peptide drug conjugates (PDCs) improve drug solubility, bioavailability, and targeting, overcoming limitations of conventional methods.

Keywords:
Cancer therapeuticsCell-penetrating peptidesClinical trialsOcular therapeuticsPeptide drug conjugates

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Drug delivery systems (DDS) face challenges in therapeutic efficacy due to issues like low solubility, poor bioavailability, and off-target delivery, particularly in cancer and ocular disease treatments.
  • Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as promising nanocarriers due to their safety, efficacy, selectivity, and ease of synthesis, offering a potential solution to these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review introduces cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and linker strategies for developing peptide drug conjugates (PDCs).
  • It discusses recent advancements in CPP-based PDCs for managing cancer and ocular diseases, highlighting their advantages over conventional DDS.
  • The review also covers the clinical trial status and future prospects of CPP-based PDCs in vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and their application in drug delivery.
  • Analysis of conjugation strategies for creating peptide drug conjugates (PDCs).
  • Discussion of recent studies focusing on CPP-based PDCs for cancer and ocular therapeutics, and their clinical trial progress.

Main Results:

  • Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can effectively deliver various cargo molecules through covalent and non-covalent conjugation.
  • CPP-based peptide drug conjugates (PDCs) demonstrate improved biocompatibility, solubility, stability, and specificity compared to conventional drug delivery methods.
  • Several CPP-based PDCs are currently undergoing clinical trials for cancer and ocular disease treatments.

Conclusions:

  • CPP-based PDCs represent a significant advancement in drug delivery, addressing key challenges in cancer and ocular therapeutics.
  • These novel systems offer enhanced efficacy and targeted delivery, paving the way for improved patient outcomes.
  • The ongoing clinical trials and potential in vaccine development underscore the transformative impact of CPP-based PDCs in medicine.