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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

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The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State01:25

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

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During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Glucometrics: Where Are We Now?

Kelly Engle1, Grace Bacani2, Curtiss B Cook3

  • 1UCSD Division of Endocrinology, San Diego, CA, USA. kengle@health.ucsd.edu.

Current Diabetes Reports
|April 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inpatient glucose monitoring, or glucometrics, has advanced significantly. New standardized measures are improving hospital glycemic control and enabling better data analysis for patient care.

Keywords:
DiabetesGlucometricsHospitalHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaMetrics

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Inpatient glucose data analysis (glucometrics) has evolved with increased focus on hospital glycemic control.
  • Initial limitations in glucometrics spurred advancements in data capture and meaningful measurement units.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of inpatient glucometrics.
  • To highlight the current advancements and future potential of glucometrics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of glucometrics development.
  • Analysis of standardization efforts and quality measures.

Main Results:

  • Standardization has been a key goal, with initiatives like National Quality Foundation measures and CMS electronic quality measures enhancing consistency.
  • The upcoming National Healthcare Safety Network measure from the CDC is expected to set a new standard for glucometrics.

Conclusions:

  • Glucometrics have progressed significantly, moving towards a more standardized and robust field.
  • Future developments promise to empower local improvement and benchmarking in hospital glycemic management.