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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Retroviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Targeting for the Study of Th17 Differentiation in Vitro
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Retroviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Targeting for the Study of Th17 Differentiation in Vitro

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VSTM1-v2 does not drive human Th17 cell differentiation: A replication study.

Helen J von Richthofen1,2, Florianne M J Hafkamp3, Anouk van Haperen1,2

  • 1Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Plos One
|April 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) and its soluble isoform VSTM1-v2 do not influence Th17 cell differentiation. Our findings indicate VSTM1-v2 does not play a role in this immune response.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) is an immune inhibitory receptor on myeloid cells.
  • SIRL-1 ligation inhibits dendritic cell (DC)-driven Th17 cell differentiation, which requires neutrophils.
  • VSTM1-v2, a soluble SIRL-1 isoform, was previously suggested to promote Th17 cell polarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of VSTM1-v2 on DC-driven Th17 cell development.
  • To determine if VSTM1-v2 enhances Th17 cell differentiation induced by DCs and neutrophils.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated VSTM1-v2's impact on human naive CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th17 cells.
  • Utilized co-culture systems involving dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T cells.
  • Assessed Th17 cell development under conditions with and without VSTM1-v2.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophils induced DC-driven Th17 cell differentiation.
  • VSTM1-v2 did not enhance Th17 cell differentiation when DCs and neutrophils were present.
  • VSTM1-v2 showed no effect on cytokine-driven Th17 cell development.

Conclusions:

  • The results do not support a role for VSTM1-v2 in promoting Th17 cell differentiation.
  • VSTM1-v2 does not appear to function as a Th17 polarizing cytokine in this context.