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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia : An Emerging Pathogen in Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Ridhima Aggarwal1, Sanjib Mondal1, Archana Angrup2

  • 1From the Allergy Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|April 13, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections are rare in primary immunodeficiency. This study highlights chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) as a potential risk factor, suggesting CGD screening for unexplained S. maltophilia cases.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Infections with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are infrequently reported in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases.
  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe infections in immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report cases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in children with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
  • To investigate the potential association between CGD and S. maltophilia infections.
  • To suggest clinical recommendations for managing unexplained S. maltophilia infections in children.

Main Methods:

  • Case series reporting on three pediatric patients with CGD.
  • Clinical data review including infection types and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Three children diagnosed with chronic granulomatous disease developed S. maltophilia infections.
  • Infections included septicemia in one child and pneumonia in two children.
  • These findings suggest a possible link between CGD and S. maltophilia.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic granulomatous disease may be an underrecognized risk factor for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections.
  • Children presenting with unexplained S. maltophilia infections should be evaluated for underlying CGD.
  • Early diagnosis and management of CGD can potentially prevent severe opportunistic infections.

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