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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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A soft co-crystalline solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries.

Prabhat Prakash1,2, Birane Fall1, Jordan Aguirre1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

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|April 13, 2023
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Summary

A novel soft solid electrolyte, (Adpn)2LiPF6, offers enhanced thermal and electrochemical stability for lithium batteries. Its unique structure provides liquid-like ionic conduction and self-healing properties, advancing battery technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Advancing lithium batteries requires solid electrolytes with improved thermal and chemical stability.
  • Conventional organic and ceramic electrolytes face limitations in stability and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel soft solid electrolyte, (Adpn)2LiPF6, for enhanced lithium battery performance.
  • To investigate the ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and conduction mechanisms of the new electrolyte.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of (Adpn)2LiPF6 soft solid electrolyte.
  • Electrochemical testing to determine ionic conductivity and transference number.
  • Molecular simulations to predict ion migration pathways and activation energies.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized (Adpn)2LiPF6 exhibits high thermal and electrochemical stability.
  • Achieved high ionic conductivity (~10^-4 S cm^-1) and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.54.
  • Demonstrated facile ionic conduction via a surface liquid nano-layer and self-healing properties.

Conclusions:

  • The soft solid electrolyte (Adpn)2LiPF6 overcomes limitations of conventional materials.
  • Weak interactions between Li+ ions and the Adpn solvent matrix facilitate high ionic conductivity.
  • A unique crystal design and low-resistance grain boundary conduction mechanism enhance thermal stability and battery performance.