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Quantitative trait loci associated with apple endophytes during pathogen infection.

Amanda Karlström1, Matevz Papp-Rupar1, Tom A J Passey1

  • 1NIAB East Malling, East Malling, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|April 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Host plant genetics significantly shape the abundance of beneficial microbes in apple trees, influencing disease resistance. This research reveals a genetic basis for endophyte composition, suggesting breeding strategies for improved microbe-host associations.

Keywords:
European cankerMalus x domesticaNeonectria ditissimaapplemicrobiomephyllosphere

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Microbiome research
  • Agricultural genetics

Background:

  • The plant phyllosphere hosts microbial communities that impact plant health and pathogen resistance.
  • Host genetics and environmental factors shape endophytic microbial communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of host genetics in shaping endophytic bacterial and fungal communities in apple trees (Malus x domestica).
  • To identify genetic loci influencing endophyte abundance and composition in apple trees challenged by Neonectria ditissima.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis was performed on a full-sibling family of apple trees.
  • The study analyzed the abundance and composition of endophytic taxa in relation to host genotype.

Main Results:

  • Multiple QTLs were identified, significantly influencing the abundance of individual endophytic taxa, with major effects (20-40%).
  • Specific QTL regions on multiple linkage groups (LG 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15) affected multiple taxa.
  • Host genotype explained a small proportion of the overall variation in bacterial (<8%) and fungal (<7.4%) composition.
  • Four QTLs co-localized with regions known to confer tolerance to Neonectria ditissima.

Conclusions:

  • Host genetics play a role in determining apple tree endophyte composition.
  • These findings suggest that breeding programs can be used to tailor microbe-host associations for enhanced plant health and disease resistance.