Terminal anorexia nervosa cannot currently be identified

To review the recent literature on the proposed entity of "terminal anorexia nervosa."

Review of recent literature on the concept of "terminal AN" as well as past and supporting work.

The cases and proposed definitions are reviewed, as is the growing literature on this topic. Problems exist with predicting outcomes and thus, determining futility, as well as about capacity for decision-making.

To make decisions about treatment futility, the existing database for predicting AN course and treatment response must expand greatly. In addition, while decisional capacity is central to the debate, its determination may be unusually complex in this situation. The gaps identified point to extensive needs for future research, but they also indicate that the concept of "terminal AN" cannot be defined at present and should not be used.

Anorexia nervosa is challenging to treat, and it often lasts for years. There is debate about whether palliative care or medical aid in dying should be considered. Identifying who has a terminal case of AN is important for this question, but we have limited ability to predict a given individual's outcome at present, and there are concerns about the ability of those with AN to make treatment decisions. This means the concept of "terminal AN" should not currently be used.