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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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Engineering Single-Atom Nanozymes for Catalytic Biomedical Applications.

Yang Zhu1,2,3,4,5, Yaxin Liao1, Jianhua Zou2,3,4,5

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.

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Summary

Single atom nanozymes (SAzymes) offer superior stability and catalytic activity compared to natural enzymes. This review highlights SAzyme preparation, mechanisms, and biomedical uses in cancer therapy, antibacterial treatments, and biosensing.

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antibacterial therapybiosensingcancer therapyoxidative-stress cytoprotectionreactive oxygen speciessingle-atom nanozymes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Nanozymes offer advantages over natural enzymes, including stability and ease of preparation.
  • Single atom nanozymes (SAzymes) provide atomically dispersed active sites and maximum atom utilization.
  • SAzymes exhibit superior catalytic performance and selectivity, bridging the gap between artificial and natural enzymes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically summarize recent advances in single atom nanozymes (SAzymes).
  • To review SAzyme preparation methods, catalytic mechanisms, and biomedical applications.
  • To outline challenges and future prospects for SAzyme development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on SAzyme preparation techniques.
  • Analysis of catalytic mechanisms underlying SAzyme activity.
  • In-depth discussion of SAzyme applications in various biomedical fields.

Main Results:

  • SAzymes demonstrate significant progress in biomedical applications.
  • Key applications include cancer therapy, oxidative stress cytoprotection, antibacterial therapy, and biosensing.
  • SAzymes offer tunable coordination environments and well-defined structures.

Conclusions:

  • SAzymes represent a significant advancement in nanozyme technology.
  • Their unique properties enable diverse and effective biomedical applications.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and unlock future potential.