Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion
Published on: February 14, 2025
Nonsurgical Interventional Spine Pain Procedures: Outcomes and Complications
Colin D Whitaker1, Benjamin K Stone1, Jerzy A Gregorczyk2
1The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
»:
Nonsurgical interventional spine pain procedures provide an additional treatment option for lower back pain at the traditional bifurcation of conversative vs. operative management.
»:
Transforaminal epidural steroid injections, radiofrequency ablations, intrathecal drug delivery, and spinal cord stimulation were found to be effective and safe techniques when applied to their specific indication.
»:
Thermal annuloplasty and minimally invasive lumbar decompression showed mixed support.
»:
Discography, sacroiliac joint injections, and spinous process spacers lacked sufficient evidence to support efficacy.
»:
Medial branch blocks and facet joint injections were found to be useful diagnostic tools.
Related Concept Videos
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

