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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

1.9K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
1.9K
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.1K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.1K

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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation
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U-fiber-based biosensor for temperature-compensated acetylcholine-specific measurement.

Hongxin Zhang, Xuegang Li, Xue Zhou

    Optics Letters
    |April 14, 2023
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    Summary

    This study introduces a novel U-fiber biosensor for precise acetylcholine detection. It combines surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and multimode interference (MMI) for temperature-compensated measurements with high sensitivity and selectivity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Optical Biosensing
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Acetylcholine (ACh) is a crucial neurotransmitter with implications in various physiological and pathological processes.
    • Accurate and sensitive detection of ACh is vital for diagnostics and research.
    • Traditional biosensors often face challenges with temperature interference and limited sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a U-fiber-based biosensor capable of specific and temperature-compensated acetylcholine detection.
    • To integrate surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and multimode interference (MMI) effects in a single U-shaped fiber.
    • To enhance biosensor performance by addressing temperature-related signal fluctuations.

    Main Methods:

    • Simultaneous realization of SPR and MMI effects within a U-shaped optical fiber structure.
    • Immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) onto the optical fiber for label-free ACh detection.
    • Utilizing a sensitivity matrix to decouple refractive index (RI) changes and compensate for temperature variations.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high RI sensitivities of 3042 nm/RIU (MMI) and 2958 nm/RIU (SPR).
    • Demonstrated low temperature sensitivities of -0.47 nm/°C (MMI) and -0.40 nm/°C (SPR), indicating effective temperature compensation.
    • Successfully performed label-free detection of acetylcholine with a detection limit of 30 nM, exhibiting good stability and selectivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The U-fiber biosensor offers a novel approach for temperature-compensated, specific acetylcholine detection.
    • The integrated SPR and MMI configuration significantly enhances sensor performance compared to traditional methods.
    • This biosensor presents a valuable addition to fiber-optic SPR technology, suitable for direct insertion into small spaces.