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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....

Special considerations while measuring pulse

Special considerations while measuring pulse

Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing the Study of Brain-Heart Interplay with a Comprehensive EEGLAB Plugin for Multimodal Signal Analysis

Author Spotlight: Advancing the Study of Brain-Heart Interplay with a Comprehensive EEGLAB Plugin for Multimodal Signal Analysis

Published on: April 26, 2024

Electrocardiogram-based biometrics for user identification - Using your heartbeat as a digital key.

Andrew R J Mitchell¹, Daniel Ahlert¹, Chris Brown¹

¹The Allan Lab, Jersey General Hospital, Jersey.

Journal of Electrocardiology

|April 14, 2023

Summary

Internal biometrics using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals offer a unique alternative to external methods like thumbprints. This review explores the history, technical aspects, and future potential of ECG-based authentication for enhanced security.

Keywords:

Biometric Electrocardiogram Identification

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Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing the Study of Brain-Heart Interplay with a Comprehensive EEGLAB Plugin for Multimodal Signal Analysis

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Published on: April 26, 2024

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function

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Published on: December 11, 2019

A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Published on: April 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Biometrics
Cybersecurity
Cardiovascular Technology

Background:

External biometrics (e.g., facial recognition, thumbprints) are common but vulnerable to cybercrime.
Internal biometrics offer a more secure alternative for device authentication.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals possess unique characteristics suitable for biometric identification.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical development of ECG biometrics.
To explore the technical and security considerations of using ECG for authentication.
To discuss current and future applications of ECG as an internal biometric.

Main Methods:

Literature review of ECG biometric research.
Analysis of technical challenges in ECG signal acquisition and processing.
Examination of security implications and potential vulnerabilities.

Main Results:

ECG signals exhibit sufficient distinctiveness for reliable user authentication.
ECG biometrics present advantages over external methods, including inherent security.
Technical hurdles and security considerations are critical for practical implementation.

Conclusions:

ECG biometrics represent a promising internal authentication method.
Further research is needed to overcome technical and security challenges.
The unique nature of ECG signals offers significant potential for future security applications.