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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

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Published on: September 12, 2019

Immune checkpoint therapy-current perspectives and future directions.

Padmanee Sharma¹, Sangeeta Goswami², Deblina Raychaudhuri³

¹Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; James P. Allison Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

|April 14, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) offers durable cancer benefits but has variable response rates. Understanding immune and non-immune factors is crucial for optimizing patient selection and improving ICT efficacy.

Keywords:

CTLA-4 ICT PD-1 PD-L1 combinatorial biomarkers cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 immune checkpoint therapy immune-related adverse events irAEs programmed cell death protein 1 programmed death ligand 1 reverse translation

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Cancer Therapy

Background:

Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has revolutionized cancer treatment, providing durable responses in some patients.
Variability in ICT response rates across different tumor types necessitates better patient selection strategies.
Identifying predictive biomarkers is essential to maximize ICT efficacy and minimize treatment-related toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the biological mechanisms of anti-tumor immunity influencing response and resistance to ICT.
To discuss current challenges and ongoing efforts to improve ICT effectiveness.
To outline strategies for future clinical trials and combination therapies involving ICT.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on anti-tumor immunity.
Analysis of factors affecting response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Synthesis of data to inform future clinical development.

Main Results:

Detailed exploration of immune and non-immune factors impacting ICT outcomes.
Identification of key challenges hindering broader ICT application.
Proposed strategies for optimizing patient selection and combination therapies.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive understanding of anti-tumor immunity is vital for advancing ICT.
Addressing current limitations requires a multi-faceted approach including biomarker discovery.
Future research should focus on combinatorial strategies and refined clinical trial designs to enhance ICT benefits.