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Association of preterm birth with poor metabolic outcomes in schoolchildren

Cristiane Valéria Batista Pereira Abdo1, Camila Gonçalves Miranda Shimoya Belém2, Enrico Antonio Colosimo3

  • 1Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Medicina (Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente), Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Jornal De Pediatria
|April 14, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children born preterm often experience excess weight and metabolic issues like insulin resistance and high blood pressure by school age. Further monitoring is recommended for long-term health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Metabolic Health
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Preterm birth is associated with potential long-term health complications.
  • Metabolic profiles in school-aged children born preterm require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic profile of children at school age who were born preterm.
  • To identify associations between preterm birth factors and metabolic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 60 children (5-8 years old) born preterm (<34 weeks GA and/or ≤1,500g).
  • Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical measurements were performed.
  • Regression models analyzed associations with excess weight and gestational age (GA).

Main Results:

  • 16.6% of preterm children were overweight, 13.3% had increased insulin resistance markers, and 36.7% had abnormal blood pressure.
  • Overweight children exhibited higher waist circumference and HOMA-IR.
  • No significant differences in metabolic variables were observed between appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) preterm infants.

Conclusions:

  • Schoolchildren born preterm display overweight, increased abdominal adiposity, reduced insulin sensitivity, and altered lipid profiles.
  • These findings highlight the need for longitudinal follow-up to assess future adverse metabolic outcomes.
  • Metabolic health in preterm-born children warrants continued attention regardless of birth weight classification (AGA or SGA).
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenInfant pretermMetabolic syndromeObesity

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