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Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

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Remdesivir.

Ahmed H Bakheit1, Hany Darwish2, Ibrahim A Darwish2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.

Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology
|April 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a broad-spectrum antiviral prodrug. This review details its properties, analysis, and pharmacological effects, including its role in COVID-19 treatment.

Keywords:
(GS-5734)Antiviral drugCOVID-19Clinical pharmacologyGS-441524 monophosphateHPLC, methods of preparationRemdesivirSpectrometric analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Virology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Remdesivir (GS-5734) is an antiviral agent initially developed for Hepatitis C.
  • It has been investigated for Ebola and Marburg virus infections and authorized for COVID-19 treatment in several countries.

Approach:

  • This chapter provides a comprehensive review of Remdesivir (GS-5734).
  • It covers nomenclature, physicochemical properties, preparation, and identification.
  • Includes qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques, ADME profiles, and pharmacological effects.

Key Points:

  • Remdesivir is a prodrug metabolized to an active ribonucleotide analogue inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase.
  • The review details various analytical methods, including chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.
  • Focuses on the comprehensive characterization and application of Remdesivir.

Conclusions:

  • This review offers a detailed overview of Remdesivir's scientific and clinical profile.
  • It serves as a resource for understanding its multifaceted applications and analytical methodologies.