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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Published on: August 9, 2012

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Additional surgery in patients with bladder augmentation.

Seppo Taskinen1, Eija Mäkelä1

  • 1Section of Pediatric Urology, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|April 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Bladder augmentation can lead to complications, with a 27% risk of surgical treatment within 20 years. Bladder stones, often linked to continent stomas, are the most common issue, particularly in non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Keywords:
AugmentationComplicationContinent stomaEnterocystoplastyNeurogenic bladderNonneurogenic bladder

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Bladder augmentation (enterocystoplasty) is crucial for managing neurogenic and non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction, protecting renal function and improving continence.
  • Patients undergoing bladder augmentation may require additional procedures for incontinence or catheterization assistance.
  • Complications following bladder augmentation are a significant concern, necessitating long-term monitoring and potential interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence of complications and additional surgeries after augmentation cystoplasty.
  • To analyze these outcomes based on the etiology of bladder dysfunction (neurogenic vs. non-neurogenic).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 128 patients undergoing enterocystoplasty between 1990 and 2019.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, etiology of bladder dysfunction, surgical procedures, and follow-up outcomes.
  • Statistical analysis to compare complication rates between neurogenic and non-neurogenic groups.

Main Results:

  • A 20-year follow-up revealed a 27% risk of surgical treatment due to augmentation-related complications.
  • Bladder stones were the most frequent complication requiring surgery (18.8%), particularly in patients with continent stomas.
  • Continent stomas were more common in the non-neurogenic group (p < 0.01), correlating with higher complication rates in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Augmentation cystoplasty carries a substantial long-term risk of surgical complications, primarily bladder stones.
  • Continent stomas, frequently employed in non-neurogenic cases, are associated with an increased risk of bladder stone formation.
  • Etiology of bladder dysfunction influences the type and frequency of additional procedures and associated complications.