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Vascular function in hypertension: does gender dimension matter?

Rosa-Maria Bruno1,2, Szabolcs Varbiro3,4, Giacomo Pucci5

  • 1Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France. rosa-maria.bruno@inserm.fr.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender significantly impacts vascular aging and hypertension differently in men and women. Sociocultural behaviors and psychological factors play a major role, necessitating tailored cardiovascular prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Vascular Aging
  • Hypertension

Background:

  • Sex-linked factors (chromosomes, hormones) and gender-linked factors (sociocultural behaviors) influence blood pressure and vascular aging trajectories differently in men and women.
  • While 17ß-estradiol protects pre-menopausal women, vascular aging accelerates faster in women from the third decade, suggesting a prominent role for gender-related factors.
  • Hypertension development and progression are influenced by distinct sex and gender-related factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gender-related differences in vascular function and hypertension.
  • To highlight the differential impact of sex- and gender-related factors on vascular aging and blood pressure.
  • To emphasize the need for integrating the gender dimension into hypertension research and cardiovascular prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current knowledge on sex and gender differences in vascular health.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to divergent vascular aging trajectories in men and women.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the influence of psychological, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors on hypertension.

Main Results:

  • Gender-related factors like psychological stress, depression, and socioeconomic status disproportionately affect women's vascular aging.
  • Men face greater vascular risks from alcohol consumption and social deprivation; "toxic masculinity" may reduce adherence to preventive strategies.
  • Unhealthy diets are more common in men, and while smoking is equal, it has a greater negative impact on women's vascular health.

Conclusions:

  • Gender-related factors play a significant and complex role in vascular alterations and blood pressure patterns.
  • Systematic integration of the gender dimension is crucial for future research on vascular function and hypertension.
  • Tailored cardiovascular prevention strategies considering gender are essential for effective public health outcomes.