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Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
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Steeper memory decline after COVID-19 lockdown measures.

Els D Bakker1,2, Stéphanie L van der Pas3,4, Marissa D Zwan5,6

  • 1Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. e.bakker2@amsterdamumc.nl.

Alzheimer'S Research & Therapy
|April 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19 lockdown measures accelerated memory decline in patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. This suggests lockdown negatively impacted brain health, particularly in pre-dementia stages.

Keywords:
COVID-19Cognitive declineDementiaLockdownMCISubjective cognitive decline

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Memory clinic patients feared accelerated cognitive decline during COVID-19 lockdowns due to altered routines, loneliness, and depression.
  • The study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on cognitive decline rates in memory clinic patients compared to historical controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the rate of cognitive decline in a mixed memory clinic population.
  • To compare cognitive decline trajectories between patients during lockdown and matched historical controls.

Main Methods:

  • 113 memory clinic patients (dementia, MCI, SCD) with visits before and after the lockdown were compared to 113 matched historical controls.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test A & B, Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and category fluency.
  • Linear mixed-effects models analyzed differences in cognitive decline rates between groups, including stratification by diagnosis (SCD, MCI, dementia).

Main Results:

  • Lockdown patients exhibited faster memory decline than controls in RAVLT immediate and delayed recall.
  • This accelerated decline was primarily observed in patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), not in dementia patients.
  • Specifically, SCD and MCI groups showed significantly faster memory decline on RAVLT immediate and delayed recall during the lockdown period.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 lockdown measures led to accelerated memory decline in memory clinic patients, especially those in pre-dementia stages (SCD and MCI).
  • The findings indicate a detrimental effect of lockdown regulations on brain health.
  • The study suggests that the additional stress of lockdown acted as a 'second hit' for individuals with subclinical neuropathology, worsening their disease trajectory.