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Miscarriage Can Kill … But it Usually Does Not: Evaluating Inconsistency Arguments.

The New bioethics : a multidisciplinary journal of biotechnology and the body·2021
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When Words Fail: "Miscarriage," Referential Ambiguity, and Psychological Harm.

Jessalyn A Bohn1

  • 1St. Edward's University, Austin, Texas, USA.

The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
|April 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ambiguous terms for intrauterine death cause psychological harm. Precise language can mitigate grief, guilt, and shock for bereaved parents and improve social support.

Keywords:
disenfranchised griefguiltintrauterine deathmiscarriagepregnancy losspreterm deliverypsychological impact of pregnancy lossshockspontaneous abortion

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Psychology
  • Medical Terminology
  • Bereavement Studies

Background:

  • Intrauterine death (IUD) can lead to significant psychological distress, including disenfranchised grief, misplaced guilt, and shock.
  • Existing terminology like "miscarriage," "spontaneous abortion," and "pregnancy loss" is often ambiguous.
  • This ambiguity can obscure the death of the baby and the physical experience of delivery, impacting parental grief and responsibility perceptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze how ambiguous terminology surrounding intrauterine death contributes to psychological harm in bereaved parents.
  • To explore the impact of language on disenfranchised grief, misplaced guilt, and emotional shock.
  • To advocate for precise language in healthcare settings to improve patient care and support.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of terminology used to describe intrauterine death and preterm delivery.
  • Examination of the psychological impact of linguistic ambiguity on bereaved individuals and families.
  • Review of clinical communication practices in perinatal loss.

Main Results:

  • Ambiguous terms obscure both the baby's death and the mother's physical delivery experience.
  • Focusing on delivery alone can wrongly attribute maternal guilt and exclude non-gestational parents.
  • Shifting focus solely to intrauterine death can minimize the trauma of the physical delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Clear and precise language regarding intrauterine death and preterm delivery is crucial for mitigating psychological harm.
  • Healthcare practitioners must carefully discuss these events with patients to avoid causing further distress.
  • Improved language can foster a more supportive social response to IUD, aiding the healing process.