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Prevalence, hematological parameters, and coagulation profiles: Cardiovascular diseases statistics in the Asir
Kholoud N Almetairi1, Sultan Z Alasmari1, Mohammed H Makkawi1
1From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Kholoud, Sultan, Mohammed, Ahmed), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha; from Department of Laboratory (Kholoud), Prince Faisal bin Khalid Cardiac Center, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Insights
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Saudi Arabia's Asir region. Hematological and coagulation markers show potential for CVD diagnosis and management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) pose a significant health burden globally.
- Understanding regional prevalence and diagnostic markers is crucial for effective disease management.
- Hematological testing offers potential insights into CVD pathology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of different cardiovascular disease (CVD) types in Saudi Arabia's Asir region.
- To assess the importance of hematological testing in managing CVD patients.
- To identify specific hematological and coagulation markers associated with CVD types.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 416 cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients.
- Categorization of samples based on CVD type.
- Comparison of hematological markers and coagulation profiles between CVD patients and healthy controls using the Mann Whitney U test.
Main Results:
- Ischemic heart disease (IHD) accounted for 80.7% of CVD cases; ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) represented 37.3% of all CVDs.
- Significant differences in hematological parameters were observed between CVD patients and controls.
- Elevated white blood cells (WBC) in STEMI, NSTEMI, UA, and HF groups; lower red blood cells (RBC) in STEMI, NSTEMI, UA, CCS, HF, DCM, and ICM groups; increased red distribution width (RDW) in HF, DCM, and ICM groups; higher prothrombin time (PT) in STEMI, HF, and DCM groups.
Conclusions:
- ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most prevalent CVD in the Asir region.
- Hematological indicators and coagulation profiles demonstrate significant utility as diagnostic and prognostic markers for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
- Further research into these markers can enhance CVD patient management strategies.
Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) types in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia and the importance of hematological testing for CVD patients in the context of disease management.
Methods:
This retrospective study comprised 416 CVD patients, and samples were divided based the type of CVD. The Mann Whitney U test was used to compare patients' hematological markers and coagulation profiles to those of healthy controls.
Results:
The rate of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was 80.7% that of other CVDs, and the rate of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 37.3% the rate of CVD. Significant differences were observed in the hematological and coagulation parameters of CVD patients compared to the control group. White blood cells (WBC) were significantly higher in STEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), unstable angina (UA), and heart failure (HF) groups. Red blood cells (RBC) were significantly lower in STEMI, NSTEMI, UA, chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), HF, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Red distribution width (RDW) was significantly greater in the HF, DCM, and ICM groups. Prothrombin time (PT) was significantly higher in the STEMI, HF, and DCM groups.
Conclusion:
ST-elevation myocardial infarction has a higher prevalence rate among CVD patients in the Asir region. Both coagulation and hematological indicators have high potential utility as CVD diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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