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Insect pollination in deep time.

Constanza Peña-Kairath1, Xavier Delclòs1, Sergio Álvarez-Parra1

  • 1Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fossil insect pollination is challenging to identify, but new definitions reveal its existence since the Jurassic period. This research clarifies the ancient origins of insect pollination, vital for modern ecosystems.

Keywords:
angiospermsfossil pollinatorgymnospermsinsect–plant interactionspaleobiologypollination

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Identifying insect pollination in fossils is difficult due to definitional challenges and recognizing ancient ecological relationships.
  • Lack of consensus hinders the study of insect pollination's deep history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a conceptual definition and operational classification for fossil insect pollinators.
  • To establish a framework for identifying and classifying insect pollination in the fossil record.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a conceptual definition for insect pollinators.
  • Created an operational classification system (pollinator vs. presumed pollinator).
  • Applied this classification to fossil evidence.

Main Results:

  • Identified 15 insect families containing fossil pollinators.
  • Established the existence of insect pollination from the Upper Jurassic (~163 Ma) onwards.
  • Distinguished between definitive pollinators and presumed pollinators in earlier periods.

Conclusions:

  • Insect pollination has a deep evolutionary history dating back to at least the Upper Jurassic.
  • The proposed classification provides a more nuanced understanding of pollination's origins and evolution.
  • This research enhances insights into a critical ecological relationship for terrestrial ecosystems.