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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Instruments measuring change in cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.

Chigozie Ezegbe1, Amin Zarghami1, Ingrid van der Mei1

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration.
  • Cognitive function (CF) changes over time in people with MS (PwMS).
  • Understanding the measurement of cognitive change is crucial for managing MS progression.

Approach:

  • A systematic review of studies measuring CF change in PwMS was conducted.
  • Databases searched included PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, and Scopus until May 2021.
  • Inclusion criteria required at least 100 participants and a minimum 1-year follow-up for CF measurement.

Key Points:

  • Fifty-seven articles (41,623 PwMS) met inclusion criteria.
  • Information processing speed and learning/memory were frequently assessed domains.
  • The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) was the most common instrument used.
  • Meta-analysis showed a non-significant annual decrease in SDMT scores (-0.03).

Conclusions:

  • The rate of measured cognitive change in PwMS appears slow, with no established gold standard for assessment.
  • Current methods lack consistency in measuring cognitive change at a population level.
  • More sensitive, multi-domain testing with longer follow-up is needed to identify subgroups with distinct cognitive trajectories and enable targeted interventions.