Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Salinity induces dose-dependent metabolic reprogramming while maintaining apparent growth stability in Limonium irtaense.

Planta·2026

Same author

Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms Behind Enhanced Salinity Tolerance in <i>Limonium irtaense</i> Seedlings Following Recovery from Salt Stress.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Unresolved ER stress restricts in vitro plant cell totipotency.

Plant cell reports·2025

Same author

Modulation of calcium, callose synthesis, membrane permeability and pectin methyl-esterase activity affect cell wall composition and embryo yield during Brassica napus microspore embryogenesis.

Annals of botany·2025

Same author

Calcium levels modulate embryo yield in <i>Brassica napus</i> microspore embryogenesis.

Frontiers in plant science·2025

Same author

<i>Cakile maritima</i>: A Halophyte Model to Study Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Potential Useful Crop for Sustainable Saline Agriculture in the Context of Climate Change.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

In Vivo Visualization of Calcium Transients during Fertilization and Early Development in C. elegans

In Vivo Visualization of Calcium Transients during Fertilization and Early Development in C. elegans

Published on: July 12, 2024

Calcium dynamics and modulation in carrot somatic embryogenesis.

Antonio Calabuig-Serna¹, Ricardo Mir¹, Paloma Arjona¹

¹Cell Biology Group - COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.

Frontiers in Plant Science

|April 17, 2023

Summary

Free calcium (Ca²⁺) is crucial for somatic embryogenesis in carrots. High Ca²⁺ levels and callose formation signal induced cells, with Ca²⁺-calmodulin signaling essential for embryo development.

Keywords:

DAUCUS carota EGTA FRET W-7 callose in vitro culture ionophore A23187 morphogenesis

More Related Videos

Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor

Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor

Published on: August 15, 2017

Imaging Calcium in Drosophila at Egg Activation

Imaging Calcium in Drosophila at Egg Activation

Published on: August 6, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

In Vivo Visualization of Calcium Transients during Fertilization and Early Development in C. elegans

In Vivo Visualization of Calcium Transients during Fertilization and Early Development in C. elegans

Published on: July 12, 2024

Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor

Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor

Published on: August 15, 2017

Imaging Calcium in Drosophila at Egg Activation

Imaging Calcium in Drosophila at Egg Activation

Published on: August 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Plant Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Free calcium (Ca²⁺) is a critical signaling ion in various biological processes, including morphogenesis.
Its role in somatic embryogenesis induction has been observed in multiple plant species, though less understood in carrots.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺) in carrot somatic embryogenesis induction and development.
To analyze Ca²⁺ levels and distribution in embryogenic cells using advanced imaging techniques.

Main Methods:

Developed genetically modified carrot lines expressing cameleon Ca²⁺ sensors.
Utilized Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to measure Ca²⁺ dynamics.
Applied chemical treatments to modulate Ca²⁺, calmodulin, and callose synthesis.

Main Results:

High Ca²⁺ levels and callose deposition are indicators of cells induced for embryogenesis.
Embryogenic cells exhibit distinct Ca²⁺ patterns compared to disorganized callus cells.
Modulating intracellular Ca²⁺ entry influences somatic embryogenesis efficiency.

Conclusions:

Ca²⁺ acts as a second messenger triggering somatic embryogenesis induction in carrots.
Ca²⁺-calmodulin signaling is vital for the transcriptional changes required during embryo progression.
Altering Ca²⁺ or calmodulin levels negatively impacts carrot somatic embryogenesis efficiency.