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Neurocognitive Changes in Sickle Cell Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Tarun Sahu1, Babita Pande1, Meenakshi Sinha1

  • 1Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Annals of Neurosciences
|April 17, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Sickle cell disease (SCD) can cause significant cognitive impairments due to anemia and cerebral hypoxia. This review explores neurocognitive deficits in SCD patients, focusing on imaging, biomarkers, and management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Hematology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy with diverse acute and chronic complications.
  • Neurological issues like stroke, silent infarction, headache, and neurocognitive impairment are prevalent in SCD.
  • Anemia in SCD can lead to cerebral hypoxia, exacerbating cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurocognitive aspects of sickle cell disease.
  • To explore the impact of SCD on cognitive functions such as memory, learning, executive functions, and attention.
  • To discuss the association between neurocognitive impairments and functional outcomes in SCD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature focusing on neurocognitive deficits in SCD.
  • Analysis of findings from various neuroimaging techniques.
  • Examination of psychological testing batteries and neuromarkers.
  • Evaluation of interventions for managing cognitive deficiencies in SCD.

Main Results:

  • SCD is linked to widespread neurocognitive impairments affecting multiple cognitive domains.
  • Neuroimaging studies reveal structural and functional brain changes in SCD patients.
  • Cognitive deficits in SCD correlate with poorer functional outcomes and quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • Neurocognitive impairment is a critical complication of sickle cell disease.
  • Comprehensive assessment and management strategies are essential for addressing cognitive deficits in SCD.
  • Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions for SCD-related cognitive dysfunction.
Abstract

Keywords:
CognitionNeurocognitionNeuroimagingSickle cell disease

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