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Functional bioengineered models of the central nervous system.

Nicolas Rouleau1,2, Nirosha J Murugan1,2, David L Kaplan2

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario Canada.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering
|April 17, 2023
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Summary

Engineered neural tissue models mimic the central nervous system (CNS) complexity for studying neurodevelopment, disease, and drug discovery. These advanced CNS models offer insights into brain and spinal cord functions, driving future research and therapeutic innovations.

Keywords:
BiomimeticsLearning and memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Bioengineering
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) Modeling

Background:

  • The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits unparalleled functional complexity.
  • Neural tissues can be engineered into model systems to study CNS features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structure-function relationships in CNS models.
  • To examine design considerations for cell biology- and engineering-based CNS models.
  • To highlight applications of region-specific CNS models in research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of essential structure-function relationships of the CNS.
  • Examination of materials and design considerations for CNS models (composition, scale, complexity, maturation).
  • Highlighting region-specific CNS models (e.g., cerebral cortex, hippocampus, spinal cord, neural interfaces).

Main Results:

  • Discussion of CNS models recapitulating essential CNS features.
  • Identification of region-specific models emulating functions of various CNS areas.
  • Exploration of applications in fundamental and clinical research.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered CNS models are valuable tools for neuroscience research and development.
  • Future possibilities include advanced CNS models, but engineering challenges remain.
  • These models accelerate neurodevelopment studies, pathophysiology delineation, regeneration, and drug discovery.