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Related Concept Videos

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Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

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Nursing management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is crucial for providing thorough care and support to patients. Nurses play an integral role in this process through detailed assessment, careful planning, targeted interventions, and ongoing evaluation. Here's an overview of the critical steps in nursing management for COPD.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
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Chronic Critical Illness: Current Aspects of the Problem (Review).

A L Parfenov1, V P Razzhivin2, M V Petrova3

  • 1Senior Researcher, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka St., Bld. 2, Moscow, 107031, Russia.

Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine
|April 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Chronic critical illness (CCI) affects numerous intensive care unit patients, leading to organ failure and high mortality. Understanding CCI pathogenesis, including inflammation and gut microbiome changes, is key to improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
chronic critical illnessmicrobiomepersistent inflammationpersistent inflammation, immunodepression, and catabolic syndromepost-intensive care syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pathophysiology
  • Intensive Care Research

Background:

  • Chronic critical illness (CCI) is a growing patient cohort in intensive care and resuscitation units (ICRU), often requiring long-term specialized support.
  • Patients with CCI constitute 5-20% of ICRU populations and face high mortality rates, exceeding those of many cancers, with significant functional dependence in survivors.
  • CCI is characterized by homeostasis disorders, leading to multiple organ failure and death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the main links in the pathogenesis of chronic critical illness (CCI).
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets to prevent unfavorable outcomes in CCI patients.
  • To analyze current literature on CCI epidemiology, outcomes, and clinical phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of publications on chronic critical illness (CCI) epidemiology, outcomes, and clinical presentation.
  • Review of research investigating the role of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism in CCI.
  • Examination of studies on nutrition, gastrointestinal tract function, and intensive therapy effects on ICRU patient microbiota.

Main Results:

  • CCI is associated with persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome.
  • The gastrointestinal tract and its microbiome play a significant role in CCI development and progression.
  • Intensive therapy can disrupt the ICRU patient microbiota, potentially exacerbating dysbiosis and affecting distant organs.
  • Post-intensive care syndrome is a major component of CCI, with significant sequelae.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting key pathogenic links in CCI, such as inflammation and microbiome disturbances, may improve patient outcomes.
  • Optimizing nutrition and managing gastrointestinal tract health are crucial for CCI patients.
  • Further research into the prevention and treatment of CCI and post-intensive care syndrome is warranted.