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Related Concept Videos

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Reactive Adsorption Desulfurization Coupling Olefin Conversion in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline Upgrading

Huanhuan Yang1, Gang Wang1, Fei Luo1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.

ACS Omega
|April 17, 2023
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This study developed an advanced adsorbent for fluid catalytic cracking gasoline, achieving ultradeep desulfurization while minimizing octane number loss. The innovative process enhances olefin conversion and shows long-term stability for continuous gasoline production.

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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Adsorption Science

Background:

  • Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline requires deep desulfurization to meet environmental standards.
  • Conventional methods often lead to significant octane number loss.
  • Simultaneous desulfurization and olefin conversion are desirable for gasoline upgrading.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient adsorbent for reactive adsorption desulfurization (RAD) of FCC gasoline.
  • To couple desulfurization with olefin conversion to mitigate octane loss.
  • To optimize the process for ultradeep sulfur removal and high-quality gasoline production.

Main Methods:

  • Reactive adsorption desulfurization using Ni/ZnO and Fe-modified Ni/ZnO adsorbents in a fixed bed reactor.
  • Integration of Zn-ZSM-5 catalyst with adsorbents to promote olefin conversion.
  • Optimization of catalyst-to-adsorbent ratio and operating conditions.
  • Evaluation of adsorbent performance over multiple regeneration cycles.

Main Results:

  • Ni/ZnO adsorbent facilitated desulfurization via hydrogen transfer, with minimal isomerization/aromatization.
  • Mixing Zn-ZSM-5 catalyst with adsorbents reduced octane loss while maintaining deep desulfurization.
  • Fe-modified Ni/ZnO adsorbent showed improved olefin retention.
  • Optimized process achieved ultralow sulfur gasoline with an 85% reduction in octane loss compared to conventional RAD.
  • The Ni-Fe/ZnO mixed system demonstrated superior olefin conversion and lower octane loss.

Conclusions:

  • Coupling reactive adsorption desulfurization with olefin conversion is effective for producing high-quality, ultralow sulfur gasoline.
  • Fe-modified Ni/ZnO adsorbent offers enhanced olefin retention, improving the overall process.
  • The developed process is stable over multiple cycles, proving its industrial feasibility for continuous operation.