Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

19.2K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
19.2K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.3K
Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

75.7K
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
75.7K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

26.5K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
26.5K
The Scientific Method03:50

The Scientific Method

50.1K
Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion. 
50.1K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

1.1K
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Is the emergence of life and of agency expected?

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2025
Same author

Fault Recovery Through Online Adaptation of Boolean Network Robots.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

The Reasonable Ineffectiveness of Mathematics in the Biological Sciences.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Complexity data science: A spin-off from digital twins.

PNAS nexus·2024
Same author

Sensory-Motor Loop Adaptation in Boolean Network Robots.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

On the Criticality of Adaptive Boolean Network Robots.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same journal

Equity considerations in COVID-19 vaccine allocation modelling: a methodological study.

Interface focus·2025
Same journal

Ethical considerations in infectious disease modelling for public health policy: the case of school closures.

Interface focus·2025
Same journal

Why population heterogeneity matters for modelling infectious diseases.

Interface focus·2025
Same journal

Improving modelling for epidemic response: a progress update from a community of UK infectious disease modellers.

Interface focus·2025
Same journal

Optimization of school closures during an Omicron epidemic in Hong Kong: a modelling study.

Interface focus·2025
Same journal

Impact of opinion dynamics on recurrent pandemic waves: balancing risk aversion and peer pressure.

Interface focus·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research
08:12

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research

Published on: February 16, 2024

10.2K

A third transition in science?

Stuart A Kauffman1, Andrea Roli2,3

  • 1Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.

Interface Focus
|April 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Newtonian paradigm, fundamental to physics, fails to explain evolving biospheres. Living systems create novel possibilities, defying mathematical prediction and requiring a new scientific framework beyond current paradigms.

Keywords:
Newtonian paradigmaffordancesconstraint closureemergent creativity of the biosphereindefinite uses of Xset theory

More Related Videos

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.2K
Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research
08:12

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research

Published on: February 16, 2024

10.2K
Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.2K
Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biology
  • Philosophy of Science

Background:

  • Classical and quantum physics rely on the Newtonian paradigm, defining systems by fixed variables and predictable trajectories.
  • This paradigm assumes a predefined, static phase space of all possibilities, which is fundamental to its mathematical framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the universality of the Newtonian paradigm.
  • To explore the limitations of current scientific frameworks in explaining biological evolution and emergent novelty.
  • To propose a shift towards understanding the inherent creativity of evolving biospheres.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of the Newtonian paradigm and its assumptions.
  • Comparison of deterministic physical systems with the emergent, adaptive nature of biological evolution.
  • Critique of set theory and differential equations for modeling open-ended evolutionary processes.

Main Results:

  • The Newtonian paradigm is inadequate for describing the diachronic evolution of novel adaptations in biospheres.
  • Evolving biospheres generate new possibilities that cannot be defined or deduced in advance.
  • Current mathematical frameworks based on set theory and differential equations cannot capture this emergent creativity.

Conclusions:

  • Biospheres represent a fundamental departure from the Newtonian paradigm, necessitating a new scientific understanding.
  • The emergent creativity of life signifies a major scientific transition beyond the 'all is number' principle.
  • A theory of everything that predicts all existence is impossible due to the open-ended nature of biological evolution.