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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

147
Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
147
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

230
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
230
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

228
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
228
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

194
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
194
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

653
Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
653
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

128
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
128

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Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
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Burn Pits: A Possible Trigger for Achalasia.

Paul M Travers1, Dawn L Francis2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA.

Cureus
|April 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This case study explores a potential link between military burn pit exposure and achalasia, a rare esophageal disorder. Further research is needed to confirm this association in veterans.

Keywords:
achalasiaesophageal dysmotilityesophageal manometrygastroenterologymilitaryregurgitation

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Environmental Medicine
  • Military Health

Background:

  • Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder.
  • Military service in the Middle East involves potential exposure to open-air burn pits.

Observation:

  • A 45-year-old female veteran with a history of burn pit exposure presented with persistent symptoms after achalasia surgery.
  • Diagnostic tests revealed type 3 achalasia, with no significant peristalsis and normal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function post-surgery.

Findings:

  • The patient's achalasia diagnosis occurred after documented burn pit exposure.
  • Medical management of residual symptoms resulted in 70% improvement.
  • This is the first reported case suggesting a temporal association between burn pit exposure and achalasia.

Implications:

  • The findings highlight the need to investigate potential links between environmental exposures and gastrointestinal conditions in veterans.
  • Understanding such associations is crucial for veteran healthcare, especially following the PACT Act expansion.
  • Further epidemiological studies are warranted to establish causality and inform preventative strategies.