1Biomaterial inks for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting: Property, classification, modification, and selection.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Three-dimensional (3D) extrusion bioprinting is vital for fabricating tissue constructs.
• Biomaterial ink selection is critical for simulating the extracellular matrix (ECM).
• Challenges include balancing biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and printability for reproducible 3D constructs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review extrusion-based biomaterial inks for 3D bioprinting.
• To highlight recent developments and classify inks by function.
• To discuss modification methods and selection strategies for optimal bioprinting outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of extrusion-based biomaterial inks.
• Classification of inks based on functional requirements.
• Analysis of modification approaches and extrusion path strategies.

Main Results:

• Detailed properties and recent advancements in biomaterial inks.
• Categorization of inks by function (e.g., mechanical support, cell signaling).
• Strategies for modifying inks and optimizing printing parameters.

Conclusions:

• Effective biomaterial ink selection is key to overcoming 3D bioprinting challenges.
• Understanding ink properties and modification is essential for tissue engineering.
• This review provides guidance for researchers on selecting extrudable biomaterial inks for in vitro tissue models.