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Getting closer to modeling the gut-brain axis using induced pluripotent stem cells.

Vanessa Hall1, Katja Maria Sahlgren Bendtsen1

  • 1Group of Brain Development and Disease, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|April 17, 2023
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Summary

New organ-on-a-chip models using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show promise for studying the gut-brain axis (GBA). These advanced models could replace animal studies for understanding GBA-related diseases.

Keywords:
blood-brain barriergut barriergut microbiomegut-brain axisgut-brain-axis-on-a-chipinduced pluripotent stem cellsorgan-on-a-chip

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The gut-brain axis (GBA) involves the gut microbiome (GM), gut barrier, and blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • Dysbiosis in the GM is linked to neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, potentially through the GBA.
  • Current understanding of the GBA is limited by reliance on complex animal models, raising ethical concerns and unanswered questions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current cell models of the GBA.
  • To discuss the application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in modeling GBA components.
  • To explore the potential of organ-on-a-chip technology for creating advanced GBA models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gut barrier, BBB, and GBA models.
  • Discussion of iPSC technology and its role in developing GBA models.
  • Analysis of organ-on-a-chip approaches for GBA research.

Main Results:

  • Advances in organ-on-a-chip and iPSC technology offer new possibilities for physiological GBA models.
  • These models are crucial for mechanistic and disease research, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions.
  • Current cell models and iPSC applications in GBA research are presented.

Conclusions:

  • iPSC-based organ-on-a-chip models hold significant potential for studying the gut-brain axis.
  • Developing these non-animal models is essential for ethical and comprehensive GBA research.
  • Challenges remain in fully replicating GBA complexity using these advanced in vitro systems.