Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

36.9K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
36.9K
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

618
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
618
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

3.2K
The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
3.2K
Perception01:28

Perception

523
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
523
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

1.7K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.7K
Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

319
Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
319

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The reliability of multisensory integration in enhancing behavioral performance.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2025
Same author

Introduction to the Special Issue on The Merging of the Senses.

Multisensory research·2025
Same author

Gustatory cortex neurons perform reliability-dependent integration of multisensory flavor inputs.

Current biology : CB·2025
Same author

The brain can develop conflicting multisensory principles to guide behavior.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2024
Same author

Cross-modal exposure restores multisensory enhancement after hemianopia.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2023
Same author

Editorial: Development and plasticity of multisensory circuits.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2023
Same journal

Relationship between spontaneous EEG oscillations at 7 and 45 days of acute plateau exposure and the plateau acclimatization index.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Neuroprotective effects of paederoside against mitochondrial dysfunction in rotenone-induced cell models of Parkinson's disease.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Covariance-based analysis of spindle-band EEG during declarative and non-declarative odor cueing in sleep.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Correction: Physiological determinants of cortical P100 responses in pattern visual evoked potentials: a scoping review.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and motor overflow: a systematic review in neurological disorders.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Editorial: Advancing neurodegenerative disease biomarkers: the role of neuroimaging in TDP-43 and tau proteinopathies.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.0K

Predictability alters multisensory responses by modulating unisensory inputs.

Scott A Smyre1, Naomi L Bean1, Barry E Stein1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|April 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modulatory dynamics in the superior colliculus (SC) are sensory-specific, influencing neural responses to predictable stimuli. These dynamics are independently sourced from and applied to modality-specific inputs, not general neuron function.

Keywords:
attenuationcross-modalmultisensorypotentiationpredictionsuperior colliculus

More Related Videos

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.6K
Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Published on: January 29, 2014

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.0K
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.6K
Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Published on: January 29, 2014

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing
  • Auditory and Visual Systems

Background:

  • The superior colliculus (SC) integrates multisensory information for environmental event detection and orientation.
  • SC neurons exhibit adaptive responses, including habituation and potentiation, to predictable stimuli through modulatory dynamics.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for comprehending how the SC processes salient environmental events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of modulatory dynamics in cat SC neurons.
  • To determine how stimulus repetition affects unisensory and multisensory responses in the SC.
  • To elucidate the sensory specificity and input sources of SC neuronal modulatory dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Neurons in the cat SC were presented with trains of visual, auditory, or combined stimuli at 2 Hz.
  • Repetitive stimulus trains were followed by a fourth stimulus, either identical or a 'switch' across modalities.
  • Modulatory effects on unisensory and multisensory neuronal responses were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Modulatory dynamics were found to be sensory-specific, not transferring between different sensory modalities.
  • Modulation transferred between combined visual-auditory stimuli and their individual unisensory components.
  • These dynamics were independent of general changes in neuronal transformation or output.

Conclusions:

  • Modulatory dynamics in the SC are sourced independently from modality-specific inputs.
  • Predictions, formed by stimulus repetition, are applied to these modality-specific inputs.
  • This sensory-specific modulation mechanism refutes general neuronal changes or output-dependent modulation theories.